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Die Bezeichnung der phonetischen Zeichen lehnt sich an den "Pho-
netic Symbol Guide" von Geoffrey K. Pullum and William A. Ladu-
saw (Chicago 1986) an. Ist ein Buchstabenname Bestandteil dieser
Bezeichnung, so ist der Name des Buchstabens jeweils nach vorne
gestellt und diese Umstellung durch ein Komma hinter dem Namen
kenntlich gemacht.
Diese Bezeichnung ist erweitert um den Versuch einer Benennung
nach der Systematik der IPA (International Phonetic Associati-
on). Die dabei gebrauchten Abkürzungen bzw. Begriffe sind:
erste Stelle:
hv Halb-Vokal
k Konsonant
v Vokal
Vokale:
hi high
sem-hi semi-high (lower high)
up-mid upper-mid (higher mid)
mid mid
lo-mid lower-mid
sem-lo semi-low (higher low)
low low
back back
ce central
fr front
r rounded
unr unrounded
Konsonanten:
affr affricate lb-pal labial-palatal
alv alveolar lb-vel labiovelar
alv-pal alveolo-palatal lat lateral
appr approximant med-appr median approximant
asp aspirated nas nasal
bil bilabial pal palatal
click click pal-alv palato-alveolar
col coloration phar pharyngal
db-fr doubly articulated pl plosive
fricative post-alv post-alveolar
dent dental rfl retroflex
flap flap tap tap
fric fricative trill trill
gl glottal uvu uvular
impl implosive v+ voiced
intd interdental v- voiceless
lab labial vel velar
lb-den labiodental
Anfang bzw. Ende Phonetisch: #P+ bzw. #P-
i i i, lower case v hi fr unr
I ɪ i, small captial
^I ɩ iota v sem-hi fr unr
^i ɨ i, barred v hi ce unr
%:i ï i umlaut v hi ce unr
y y y, lower case v hi fr r
Y ʏ y, small capital v sem-hi fr r
u u u, lower case v hi back r
U ʊ upsilon v sem-hi back r
^u ʉ u barred v hi ce r
%:u ü u umlaut v hi ce r
^m ɯ m, turned v hi back unr
^W ɷ omega, closed v sem-hi back r
e e e, lower case v up-mid fr unr
E ɛ epsilon v lo-mid fr unr
^0 ⁰ schwa, superscript
^e ə schwa v mid ce unr
^E ɜ epsilon, reversed v lo-mid ce unr
9 ɘ e, reversed v up-mid ce unr
3 æ ash v sem-lo fr unr
%:3 æ̈ ash umlaut v sem-lo back unr
o o o, lower case v up-mid back r
O ɔ o, open v lo-mid back r
^o ɤ gamma, baby v up-mid back unr
^O ʌ v, inverted v lo-mid back unr
%:o ö o umlaut v up-mid fr r
%:O ɔ̈ o umlaut, open v lo-mid fr r
q ø o, slashed v up-mid fr r
Q œ o-e ligature v lo-mid fr r
^q ɵ o, barred v up-mid ce r
^Q ɞ epsilon, closed reversed v lo-mid ce r
a a a, lower case v low fr unr
A ɑ a, script v low back unr
^a ɶ o-e ligature, small capital v lo-mid fr r
^A ɒ a, turned script v low back r
^3 ɐ a, turned v sem-lo ce unr
^G ^G a, inverted v sem-lo ce unr
^v ɻ r with right tail, turned hv med-appr rfl
V ʋ v, script hv med-appr lb-den
^y ɥ h, turned hv med-appr lb-pal
^M ɰ m with long right leg, turned hv med-appr vel
^R ɹ r, turned hv med-appr post-alv
w w w, lower case hv med-appr lb-vel
%:w ẅ w umlaut hv med-appr lb-vel ce
p p p, lower case k pl bil v-
b b b, lower case k pl bil v+
^p ɸ phi k fric bil v-
^b β beta k fric bil v+
B ɓ b, hooktop k impl bil
t t t, lower case k pl alv v-
d d d, lower case k pl alv v+
T θ theta k fric intd v-
^t ð eth k fric intd v+
^T ʧ t-esh ligature k affr pal-alv v-
^D ʤ d-yogh ligature k affr pal-alv v+
^d ɖ d, right-tail k pl rfl v+
D ɗ d, hooktop k impl alv
^K ʈ t with right tail k pl rfl v-
c c c, lower case k pl pal v-
C ɟ j, barred dotless k pl pal v+
^c ç c cedilla k fric pal v-
k k k, lower case k pl vel v-
^k q q, lower case k pl uvu v-
g g g, lower case k pl vel v+
G ɢ g, small capital k pl uvu v+
^g ɠ g, hooktop k impl vel
? ʔ glottal stop k pl gl v-
f f f, lower case k fric lb-den v-
v v v, lower case k fric lb-den v+
^P ɼ r with long leg k alv fric trill
s s s, lower case k fric alv v-
z z z, lower case k fric alv v+
S ʃ esh k fric pal-alv v-
Z ʒ yogh k fric pal-alv v+
^s ɕ c, curly-tail k fric alv-pal v-
^z ʑ z, curly-tail k fric alv-pal v+
6 ʆ esh, curly-tail k db-fr pal-alv v-
^6 ʓ yogh, curly-tail k db-fr pal-alv v+
^S ʂ s with right tail k fric rfl v-
^Z ʐ z with right tail k fric rfl v+
j j j, lower case k fric pal v+
^j ʲ j, superscript k col j
x x x, lower case k fric vel v-
^x ɣ gamma k fric vel v+
X χ chi k fric uvu v-
^X ʁ r, inverted small capital k fric uvu v+
h h h, lower case k fric gl v-
H ɧ heng, hooktop k db-fr vel
^h ʰ h, superscript k asp
^H ɦ h, hooktop k fric gl v+
^F ħ h, crossed k fric phar v-
^? ʕ glottal stop, reversed k fric phar v+
m m m, lower case k nas bil
M ɱ m with leftward tail at right k nas lb-den
n n n, lower case k nas alv
^n ŋ eng k nas vel
N ɴ n, small capital k nas uvu
^N ɲ n with leftward hook at left k nas pal
^9 ɳ n with right tail k nas rfl
l l l, lower case k lat alv appr v+
^Y ʎ y, turned k lat pal appr
^l ɫ l with tilde k lat vel alv appr
1 ɬ l, belted k lat alv fric v-
L ɭ l with right tail k lat rfl appr
^L ^L l-yogh ligature k lat alv fric v+
r r r, lower case k alv trill
^r ɾ r, fish-hook k alv tap
R ʀ r, small capital k uvu trill
P ɽ r with right tail k rfl flap
^V ɺ r, turned long-legged k alv lat flap
4 ʳ r, superscript k col r
^w ʷ w, subscript k lab
W ʍ w, inverted k db-fr lb-vel
0 ʘ bull's eye k click bil
5 ʖ glottal stop, inverted k click lat alv
^f ʇ t, turned k click dent
^C ʗ C, stretched k click post-alv
" " quotation marks
( ( left parenthesis
) ) right parenthesis
[ [ left sqare bracket
] ] right square bracket
< < left angle bracket
> > right angle bracket
{ { left curly bracket
} } right curly bracket
/ / slash
= = equals
' ʼ apostrophe
^' ʽ apostrophe, reversed
* * asterisk
, , comma
^@ @ comma turned
^7 ⁷ corner, left
7 7 corner, right
. . full stop
^. ˑ half-length mark
: ː length mark
^8 ⁸ ligature, top
8 8 ligature, bottom
^& & ligature, top and bottom
2 ˕ lowering sign
- - minus sign
| | pipe (lower case height)
^\ \ pipe (upper case height)
^| │ pipe (full height)
+ + plus sign
^2 ˔ raising sign
; ; semicolon
^! ¡ stroke (inferior), vertical
! ! stroke (superior), vertical
^% ~ tilde
%' o̍ nucleus stress
%) ŏ breve
%* o̊ over-ring
%+ %+o plus sign, superscript
%- ō macron
%. ȯ over-dot
%: ö umlaut
%/ ó acute accent
%\ ò grave accent
%< ô circonflexe
%> ǒ wedge
%= o̽ mid-central sign, superscript
%? õ tilde, superscript
%[ %[o bridge, superscript
%{ %{o half-ring superscript, left
%} %}o half-ring superscript, right
%! %!o palatalization hook
%!! %!!o right hook
%'' o̩ syllabicity mark
%** o̥ under-ring
%++ o̟ plus sign, subscript
%-- o̱ under-bar
%.. ọ under-dot
%; o̧ cedilla
%;; ǫ polish hook
%>> o̬ wedge, subscript
%== =̽o mid-central sign, subscript
%?? o̰ tilde, subscript
%[[ o̪ bridge, subscript
%{{ o̜ half-ring, subscript left
%}} o̹ half-ring, subscript right
%[- o̙ front sign, subscript
%-] o̘ back sign, subscript
%[] o̻ laminal sign, subscript
%-| o̞ raising sign, subscript
%|- o̝ lowering sign, subscript
%%( o͡o ligature, long, top
%%- o͞o macron, long
%%)) %%))oo ligature, long, bottom
%%++ %%++oo plus sign, subscript
%%-- o͟o underbar, long
%%-| |͞oo raising sign, subscript
%%|- %%|-oo lowering sign, subscript
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